出国留学首选一诺留学

　　传统文化和现代歧视让女性不能工作，一些人仍然认为养家是丈夫的责任。即使她们想工作，孟加拉国和巴基斯坦的女生不能不做大量的清洗、烧饭、照顾小孩，剩下工作的时间就很少。陋习很难改掉：已婚女性通常和公婆住在一起，公婆有时会因嫉妒限制她们的自由。加各中心的工作人员报告称女性遭遇阻碍不允许学车，甚至不能单独出门。

　　Then there is an “ethnic penalty” in hiring. Some 30% of Bangladeshi women who want to workare unemployed. Even well-educated women with Islamic names can struggle to get interviews,says Shaista Gohir, a director at the Muslim Women’s Network. Many employers are reluctantto hire women they fear will leave to take care of children. For new migrants, meanwhile, poorEnglish and weak formal education are huge barriers to work, crowding those women who do sointo poorly-paid and menial jobs.

　　之后在雇佣上有“民族歧视”。一些想要工作的30%的孟加拉国女性失业。即使是受到良好教育的穆斯林名字的女性很难有面试，穆斯林女性网站做主管的谢思达-高赫尔说道。许多雇主不愿意聘用女性，担心她们因照顾小孩辞职。同时，对新移民来说，英语水平差，教育程度低也成为找工作的障碍，使这些女性集中在收入低不体面的工作种类中。

　　According to the Labour Force Survey, though, the number trying to find work is increasingsurprisingly fast. Since 2008, whenBritainentered a deep recession, the proportion of Pakistaniwomen active in the labour market has increased from 29% to 43%. For Bangladeshi women,the trend dates back further (see chart). Many have merely moved from complete inactivity tounemployment, but there have been sizeable jumps in the proportion who have jobs too. Bycontrast, the employment rate for white women, at around 68%, has barely changed. Amongblack African andCaribbeanwomen it has fallen.

　　据劳动人口调查报告统计，然而，出人意料的是努力找工作的人口数量迅速上升。2008年以来英国经济受到重创，活跃在劳动市场上的巴基斯坦女性比例从29%增长到43%。对孟加拉国的女性来说，这个趋势可以追溯到2008年之前。(见图表)许多多仅仅是从完全的不活跃状态到失业。但有工作的人的有很大的变动。相比之下，白人的就业率几乎没有改变，差不多是68%。非洲黑人和加勒比的女性就业率下降了。

　　Government policy probably explains some of this. Since 2005 new migrants have had to passbasic language and citizenship tests to get permanent leave to remain in theBritain, which hasforced many new migrants to learn English. Tax credits—generous welfare payments linked towork—have encouraged women of all races to find jobs, especially those whose husbands earnlittle.

　　政府的政策可能解释了一些原因。2005年以来，新的移民不能不通过基本的语言和国籍身份考核才能获得在英国的永久居住权，这迫使一些新的移民学习英语。免税额度(工作中丰厚的社会福利)鼓励不同种族的女性找工作，尤其是丈夫工资少的女性。

　　Just as important, they are settling in. British-born Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are farmore likely to be in work than new migrants. And the young generation is rising fast. “There hasbeen a near total transformation of Bangladeshi girls” since 2001, argues Shamit Saggar ofthe University of Sussex. In the GCSE exams taken at the age of 16, Bangladeshi girls nowoutperform their white peers. Control for poverty, and they beat almost everyone. Pakistanigirls have done less well—probably because they are less concentrated in London, whereschools have improved most—but they have gained ground too. More of these well-educatedsecond- and third-generation young women enter the labour force each year.

　　同样重要的是，新移民也做了准备。与其它新移民相比，英国出生的巴基斯坦和孟加拉国女性更愿意工作。并且年轻的一代也迅速增长。苏塞克斯大学的S.萨格(hamit Saggar)认为，自2001年来，孟加拉国的女孩有一个近乎全面的转换。对于16岁需考的英国普通中等教育证书中，现在孟加拉国的女孩比同龄的白种人表现优秀。在战胜贫穷上，她们也比任何人顽强。巴基斯坦的女孩表现较差，伦敦增长了最多的学校，可能是因为她们注意力不集中，但她们也获得了发展。每年，大多数受过良好教育的第二代第三代年轻女性进入劳动力市场。

　　Meanwhile there is growing awareness of the problems faced by first-generation immigrants.InBirmingham, the council is offering women help to start small businesses, reckoning thathome work can fit more easily around family commitments. The Jagonari centre already runs twosocial enterprises doing similar work.

　　同时，第一代移民越来越意识到这个问题。在伯明翰，委员会给女性提供帮助让她们开办小型的企业，认为在家工作可以更容易的担负家庭的责任。加各(Jagonari)在已经有两个社会企业在做类似的工作。