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　　听力文本

　　WHITE HOUSE — One goal of the Africanleaders' summit in Washington is to build on astrategic relationship that the United States hasestablished in Africa as the continent faces arange of security threats.

　　From establishing drone bases to training African troops, the U.S. has expanded its securityrelationship with Africa in recent years.

　　The aim is to help African governments combat extremist groups such as Boko Haram inNigeria, al-Shabab in East Africa and militants in the Sahel.

　　This week’s summit focuses on trade and investment, as President Barack Obama aims toforge a new U.S. relationship with Africa.

　　In announcing U.S. companies' pledges to invest $14 billion in Africa, Obama said security isessential to prosperity.

　　“We're going to have to talk about security and peace because the future belongs to thosewho build, not those who destroy," Obama said. "It's very hard to attract business investmentand it's very hard to build infrastructure and it's very hard to sustain entrepreneurship in themidst of conflict."

　　The U.S. military established its Africa Command in 2007, but based it at a distance - inGermany. The command has overseen operations to assist African militaries in transportingtroops, sharing intelligence and reconnaissance.

　　There are big reasons why the U.S. needs to speed up efforts to engage more with thecontinent, beyond providing low-key military cooperation and aid.

　　"Certainly the small-footprint strategy has worked," said Michael Rubin, an analyst with theAmerican Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank in Washington. "That said, we needto remember while China does $200 billion of trade with Africa each year, the United Statesdoes only half of that. So as the United States becomes much more involved in the region,more African countries are going to look for American backing, which isn’t simply diplomaticbut goes into the economic and military as well."

　　For decades, U.S. administrations have spoken of the need to help lift Africa's people out ofpoverty and talked about the continent's importance. Now that Africa is home to moreemerging democracies and six of the 10 fastest-growing economies in the world, Obama hopesto show that the United States is serious about partnering with the region.

　　词汇解释

　　1.entrepreneurship n. 企业家精神

　　Gorbachev hoped that the cooperatives would be thesource of entrepreneurship.

　　戈尔巴乔夫希望合作社能成为企业家精神的源泉。

　　2.reconnaissance n. [军] 侦察;勘测(等于reconnoissance);搜索;事先考查

　　The helicopter was returning from a reconnaissance mission.

　　那架直升机执行完一项侦察任务正在返回。

　　3.conservative adj. 保守的 n. 保守派，守旧者

　　The more conservative politicians were trying to deradicalize the liberation movement.

　　较保守的政治家正试图使解放运动放弃偏激的立场。

　　内容解析

　　1.There are big reasons why the U.S. needs tospeed up efforts to engage more with thecontinent, beyond providing low-key militarycooperation and aid.

　　speed up 加速;使加速

　　You notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.

　　你注意到你的呼吸已加快了一点。

　　I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.

　　我已经采取措施加快解决这个问题。

　　参考译文

　　从建立无人机基地到培训非洲军队，美国最近几年已加强了与非洲的安全关系。

　　其目的是帮助非洲政府打击极端组织，比如尼日利亚的博科圣地，东非的阿尔沙巴布和Sahel的武装分子。

　　本周的峰会关注贸易和投资，巴拉克·奥巴马总统希望建立新的美国-非洲关系。

　　奥巴马宣布美国公司承诺向非洲投资140亿美元，他说安全对繁荣来说至关重要。

　　“我们准备讨论安全和和平问题，因为未来属于建造者，而非破坏者。在冲突中是很难吸引商业投资的，很难建造基础设施，很难维持企业家精神。”

　　美国军方2007年成立了非洲指挥中心，但总部却在遥远的德国。该中心监控在帮助非洲军方运输军队、共享信息和侦察方面的行动。

　　因此美国非常需要加快与非洲交往的步伐，而不仅仅是提供低端的军事合作和援助。

　　“当然这个小的足迹战略已经见效，也就是说我们需要记住的是，中国每年和非洲的贸易额达到2000亿美元，而美国只有这个数字的一半。因此随着美国更多地参与该地区的事务，更多的非洲国家将寻求美国的帮助，而不仅仅是外交方面，还有经济和军事方面。”

　　几十年来，美国政府都在提到需要帮助非洲人民摆脱贫困，谈到非洲大陆的重要性。现在非洲有更多新兴的民主国家，全世界10个快速发展经济体中有6个在非洲，奥巴马希望能证明美国对与该地区合作的严肃态度。

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